Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, which is essential for good vision. This damage is often caused by increased pressure inside the eye and can lead to permanent vision loss if not treated early.“George R, Ve RS, and Vijaya L, in a population-based study published in the Indian Journal of Ophthalmology, reported that glaucoma affects about 2.6% of adults aged 40 years and above in India, and many cases remain undiagnosed due to the absence

In early stages, glaucoma often has no symptoms. As it progresses, symptoms may include: ● Gradual loss of side (peripheral) vision ● Tunnel vision in advanced stages ● Sudden eye pain, redness, blurred vision, headache, or nausea (in angle-closure glaucoma)

Glaucoma is usually caused by increased eye pressure due to improper drainage of fluid from the eye. Other risk factors include: ● Family history of glaucoma ● Age over 40 ● Diabetes or high blood pressure ● Long-term steroid use ● Eye injury ● High or very low eye pressure ● People with severe myopia (high minus power) 

Glaucoma is diagnosed through a comprehensive eye examination that may include: Measurement of eye pressure (tonometry), Optic nerve examination, Visual field test, Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), and Angle examination (gonioscopy).

Glaucoma cannot be cured, but it can be effectively controlled with proper treatment and regular follow-up to prevent further vision loss. Treatment options include: ● Eye drops to reduce eye pressure ● Oral medications (in some cases) ● Laser treatment ● Glaucoma surgery The choice depends on the type and severity of glaucoma