A cataract is a clouding of the eye’s natural lens, which lies behind the iris and pupil. This cloudiness causes blurred or dim vision and usually develops gradually with age.Gupta V, Vashist P, Sarath S, et al., in a study published in the Indian Journal of Ophthalmology (2025), reported that about 1 in 8 people aged 50 years and above in India have vision impairment due to untreated cataract.

Common symptoms include

• Blurry or cloudy vision
• Difficulty seeing at night
• Sensitivity to light or glare
• Seeing halos around lights
• Faded or yellowish colors
• Frequent changes in glasses prescription

Cataracts most commonly occur due to aging. Other causes include:

• Diabetes
• Long-term exposure to sunlight (UV rays)
• Eye injury or previous eye surgery
• Long-term use of steroid medications
• Smoking
• Family history

Micro Incision Cataract Surgery (MICS) It is a modern cataract surgery technique done through a very small incision, allowing faster healing, less pain, and quicker visual recovery. Phacoemulsification (PHACO. It is a common cataract surgery technique where ultrasound energy is used to break the cataract and remove it through a small incision. 

According to a systematic review published in Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, Modern cataract surgery is one of the safest and most successful surgical procedures worldwide, with 84–93% of patients achieving significant visual rehabilitation and 95–99% achieving excellent visual outcomes when there are no additional eye conditions. 

• Removal of Cataract followed by implantation of introcular lens which are of various kinds, monofocal, extended monofocal, EDOF , Polifocal, Multifocal, Trifocal